Winemaking and Viticulture №1/2015
INDUSTRY PROBLEMS
Oganesyants L.A., Panasyuk A.L.World Viticulture and Winemaking in 2013–2014 (according to OIV)
| P. 4-6 | Keyword: state of viticulture and winemaking in the world, import and export of wine products Abstract: In recent years, the global wine-making sector has not seen radical changes, but nevertheless they present some trends that, according to the authors, it should be noted. For example, registered a decline of vineyards are mainly due to the reduction of European plants. However, the increased production of grapes that can be attributed to an increase in yield plantations. Decreased the production of wine, but this trend has been halted: in some countries, there is a steady increase in this indicator. The paper presents analysis of exports and imports of wine products, including sparkling wines, at the present stage. Authors: Oganesyants Lev Arsenovich, Academician of RAS, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor Panasyuk Alexandr Lvovich, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor All-Russian Research Institute of Brewing, Soft Drinks and Wine Industry 7, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Kiselyova T.F., Bastron E.I., Kiselyov V.M.Market of Special Wines in Russia as an Example of Port Wines. Part 1
| P. 7-10 | Keyword: special wines, port wines, World Resources "Porto", forecasting Abstract: Argued similarities and differences between the terms of special wines, fortified wines, liqueur wines, port wines and "Porto". Explaining the reasons for the use of these terms in the Russian Federation and other countries. We consider the variety of wines that make up a homogeneous commodity group in the domestic and international consumer markets. We consider resource capabilities authentic "Porto", produced in the AOC RDD (Demarcated Region of Douro). It is concluded that the regression in the analyzed resource "Porto" and a small fraction of Russian imports in its physical volume. Reasoned speculation about the possibility of a substantial increase in volume of Russian imports authentic "Porto". We consider the situation in the Russian segment of the wine consumption. Reasoned medium-term significant increase in per capita wine consumption volume in Russia. The causes regression of volume of production and international import "Porto". The forecast of its regression in the short term. Noted imperfection of the world distribution "Porto" by econometric point of view. The distribution curve is described by the Lorentz imperfect distribution, and structure of the physical volume of international sales "Porto" corresponds to the Pareto principle. Russian purchase of this limited resource by 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller purchases of European countries with historical traditions of winemaking and wine drinking. Concluded that there was an alternative source at the Russian production of port wines. In this resource designated Crimean port wine plant "Massandra". From 2014, there was a reunion of the Republic of Crimea with the Russian Federation. This led to the fact that in 23 years (since 1991) Crimean port became again the domestic Russian consumers. Authors: Kiselyova Tatyana Fyodorovna, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor; Bastron Elena Vladimirovna, Graduate Student Kemerovo Technological Institute of Food Industry 52, Krasnoarmeyskaya St., Kemerovo, Russia, 650056, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Kiselyov Vladimir Mikhaylovich, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor Plekhanov Russian University of Economics; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Ilina I.A., Chemisova L.E., Machneva I.A., Ivanidi O.V.Development of Guidance on the Process of «Quality Planning» for Small Innovative Enterprises
| P. 11-16 | Keyword: quality planning, quality management system, process guidance Abstract: Article is devoted to the task of improving the competitiveness of individual winery for example LLC IIP "Mikrovinodelie" through the introduction of a quality management system based on the process approach. The problem of improving the quality of products is relevant for any business, especially at the present stage, when increasing production efficiency plays an increasingly important factor of "quality products", ensuring its competitiveness. The development of a successful planning of product quality in a manufacturing enterprise is one of the necessary conditions to improve its competitiveness. This is especially important for small innovative enterprises. The article describes the gradual development of guidelines for the process of "Quality Planning", which is one of the main operating processes of the quality management system IIP LLC "Mikrovinodelie" and includes regulated quality management processes of wine production, namely the algorithm and the order of operations, responsibility assignment matrix, context diagram, the input and output requirements for the process with reference to the normative documentation that describes how to perform them. The characteristics of the resources of the process, as well as set the criteria by which you must evaluate the quality of execution of the process. Authors: Ilina Irina Anatolyevna, Doctor of Technical Science; Chemisova Larisa Eduardovna, Candidate of Technical Science; Machneva Irina Aleksandrovna, Candidate of Agricultural Science 39, 40-let Pobedy st, Krasnodar, 350901, Russia North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture Ivanidi Olga Viktorovna, Candidate of Agricultural Science Kuban State University 149, Stavropolskaya st., Krasnodar, 350040, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Vorobyova T.N.Scientific and Practical Aspects of Grapes and Wine Production Quality
| P. 17-20 | Keyword: biotechnology, grapes, toxic residues, detoxification, transformation, biochemical parameters Abstract: Presented materials and the results of comprehensive studies in viticulture with many years of technogenic impact, affecting the quality of grape production. Grapes on the biochemical composition of different variety of hydrocarbons, organic acids, a large number of phenolic compounds having a high P-vitamin activity, it can be used in the treatment of many diseases. In this regard, the preservation of the useful qualities of different varieties of grapes and table technical areas at their cultivation has always been the focus of science and practice. In this case must be regarded as the greatest danger of toxic chemicals used in the vineyard during the extended period. Results of ecological and toxicological studies confirmed the bioaccumulation potential of soil toxic compounds, increasing their concentration in food (trophic) chains. The aim of the work performed - to justify scientific and practical aspects of grapes and wine production quality on sanitary and biochemical parameters in the conditions of use of modern bio- agricultural practices. Determination of toxic residues was performed by standard methods using chromatography, gas "Color 500M" liquid "KNAUER" and atomic absorption spectrophotometer "Quantum-AFA." For biochemical analysis of the industry products used by capillary electrophoresis "Capel-103" and "Capel-105", refractometric, spectrophotometric and Complexometric. Found that at 3 years of application of biotechnology: the degree of migration of hazardous chemicals in the soil decreases berries from 60 to 90 %. Toxic residues in the berries do not exceed the established norms; Biochemical data on separate parameters improved by 2-4 times compared with the control. According to the research identified the scientific and practical aspects to ensure the competitiveness of the industry products on biochemical and health indicators. Justified bio- agricultural practices to ensure food safety and high quality performance production industry. Authors: Vorobyova Tatyana Nikolaevna, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Guguchkina T.I., Burtsev B.V.Influence of the Nature of the Agent on Alcohol Indicators of Liqueur Wines and Wine Products
| P. 21-23 | Keyword: fortification, fortified wines, grape distillate, rectified spirit, tasting score Abstract: As a result of many years of hard work managed to bring domestic wine production technology fortified wines using alcohol non-grape origin to perfection and receive the many famous strong and dessert wines, deservedly referred to the masterpieces of the world winemaking. Currently, according to the new normative documents (GOST R 52404-2005 and 171-FZ), these outstanding wines were equated to drink wine, thus leading wineries of Russia began to be used for the preparation of liqueur wines grape distillate, which brings to the wine contained therein fusel oils (higher alcohols), ethers, aldehydes, leading to a dramatic reduction in the quality of fortified wines. The paper presents results of research on the type of fortification wines of Cahors different components alcohol (rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw materials and grape distillate). The data on the preferred use for mounting wines rectified ethyl alcohol from food raw material, has a positive effect on the aromatic characteristics of wines produced. Authors: Guguchkina Tatyana Ivanovna, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Burtsev Boris Viktorovich, Candidate of Technical Science North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350901 |
WINEMAKING
Kuzmina E.I., Rozina L.I., Letfullina D.R. Modern Views on Anthocyanin Complex of Grapes and Wine. Part II
| P. 24-27 | Keyword: grapes, wine, monomeric forms of anthocyanins, anthocyanin profile Abstract: The article presents data on the nature, structure and properties of anthocyanins. The results of studies conducted by domestic and foreign scholars, using a combination of methods of high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry, to study the biosynthesis and metabolism of anthocyanins, establishing a link between the view and the grape variety and the chemical nature of anthocyanins, as well as determining the composition and the ratio of anthocyanins in grapes and fault. The authors analyzed the results of studies of anthocyanin complexes of different grape varieties and wines, conducted by scientists in China, Italy, Spain, Argentina and other countries. Noted that the anthocyanin profile of wine differs from the qualitative and quantitative anthocyanins composition from the original grape. Authors: Kuzmina Elena Ivanovna, Candidate of Technical Science; Rozina Larisa Ilyinichna, Candidate of Technical Science; Letfullina Dilyara Ramilevna All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Nonalcoholic and Wine Industry 7, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Tochilina R.P., Kravchenko S.A., Goncharova S.A.Method of Identification of Lactic Acid in the Wine-Growing Products
| P. 28-29 | Keyword: wine production, lactic acid, lactic acid optical isomers Abstract: The tests, determining the optical isomers of the lactic acid in the samples of white and red wines, were carried out. The enzymatic method, determining the optical isomers of the lactic acid, was used, which is offered by the International Organization of winemaking and viticulture. On the basis of the research results, a less costly and more accessible combined method was offered for determination of the invected (exogenous) lactic acid in wine products, providing the determination in the sample of the total concentration of lactic acid using the HPLC method and the enzymatic method, determining the concentration of L-lactic acid. The concentration of D-lactic acid is determined as the difference of these definitions. The calculation of the concentration of exogenous (invected) lactic acid is done by doubling of the determined amount of concentration of D-lactic acid. Authors: Tochilina Regina Petrovna, Candidate of Technical Science; Kravchenko Sofya Semenovna; Goncharova Svetlana Anatolevna All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of the Brewing, Beverage and Wine Industries 7, Rossolimo St., Moscow, 119021; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Kalchitskaya O.V., Mikhnyuk O.N., Yurchenko R.A.Dependence of the Concentration of Cognac Distillates Extractives from Terms of Endurance
| P. 30-33 | Keyword: cognac distillates, furan and phenolic substances, HPLC, aging Abstract: The article presents research relationship between the concentration of extractives (furan and phenolic compounds) in cognac distillates and its aging. The experimental data can be used as criteria for conducting monitoring studies in order to determine the age of cognac distillates and evaluating the authenticity of cognac production. Authors: Kalchitskaya Olga Valentinovna, Head of the Department of Commodity Research and Customs Examination; Mikhnyuk Olga Nikolaevna, Lecturer of the Department of Commodity Research and Customs Examination State Institute for Advanced Studies and Retraining of Customs Agencies of the Republic Belarus 45/4, Mogilevskaya St., Minsk, Belorussia, 220007, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Yurchenko Ruslan Alexandrovich, Assistant of the Department of Analytical Chemistry Belorusian State University 14, Leningradskaya St., Minsk, Belorussia, 220006 |
VITICULTURE
Larkina M.D., Nikulushkina G.E.New Released Varieties of Grape Breeding in Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking
| P. 34-37 | Keyword: grapes, variety, assortment, selection, patent Abstract: Currently breeding to create new varieties and hybrids of various crops are in many research institutions and universities of agricultural and biological profile. Selection problems are solved in the framework of the state program "Farming", where the combined efforts of breeders and related specialists in the creation of new varieties of certain crops for specific soil-climatic zones. As a result of intensive breeding work displayed the new, much more valuable commercial varieties. In recent years, thanks to the efforts of breeders the grapes assortment has changed, and before growers opened wide selection of new varieties currently breeding to create new varieties and hybrids of various crops are in many research institutions and universities of agricultural and biological profile. Selection problems are solved in the framework of the state program "Farming", where the combined efforts of breeders and related specialists in the creation of new varieties of certain crops for specific soil-climatic zones. As a result of intensive breeding work displayed the new, much more valuable commercial varieties. In recent years, thanks to the efforts of breeders the grapes assortment has changed, and before growers opened wide selection of new varieties of table and technical direction different ripening. Thus, in the State register of breeding achievements included new varieties of White early, Brigantine, Cardinal Anapa, Lunar, Marinka, Hope ASOS, Kuban, Fantasy, Crispy, Hellas, Velvet, Decent, Cabernet ASOS, Krasnostop ASOS, Krasnostop Anapa, Kuban, Riesling ASOS, ruby, and other ASOS A great contribution to the selection achievement in the field of viticulture was introduced Anapa zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking. The article gives a detailed description of ampelographic characteristics and economic characteristics of the most promising new zoned tablespoons (Brigantine, White early, Hope AZES, Prikubansky, Fantasia, Marinka) and technical (Barkhatny, Risling AZES, AZES Krasnostop, Dostoyny, Cabernet AZES, Krasnostop Anapsky) varieties different ripening of grapes selection Anapa Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking. All grades are included in the National Register of breeding achievements permitted for use in 2014 and fully meet the demands of the consumer market quality viticulture. New varieties contribute to the improvement of industrial assortment of grapes in wine-growing areas of the Russian Federation and the creation of new original wine production. Authors: Larkina Marina Dmitrievna, Candidate of Agricultural Science, Senior Researcher; Nikulushkina Galina Evgenyevna, Researcher Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking 36, Pionersky Prospekt, Anapa, Russia, 353456, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Kaziev M.-R. A., Alichaev M.M.Soil Resources Piedmont Province of Dagestan for Viticulture
| P. 38-40 | Keyword: piedmont province, soil map, soil fertility, soil cover structure Abstract: The abstract touches upon the relevance and the prospects of development of viticulture in the Piedmont province of the Republic of Dagestan, as well as the importance of taking the environmental conditions of specific territories in toconsideration in connection with the biological characteristics of the grapes and used agricultural machinery. The questions of studying of soil resources in the Piedmont province are of first priority. The materials are provided for the study of soil resources in the Piedmont province of the Republic of Dagestan for ecological justification of their being chosen for the placement of the vineyards. The analysis of the placement of the vineyards according to the soil differences showed that they occupy mostly chestnut and partially brown soils. Nearly 67.4 % of vineyards are occupied by three subtypes of chestnut soils, among them 9.3 % - are under dark-chestnut soils, 33.2 % - are under ordinary soils and 24 % - are under light chestnut soils. Brown soils occupy the second largest area among the vineyards. Approximately 30.6 % of vineyards are located on these soils, among them 6.4% - on the brown leached soils, 14.5 % - on the typical brown soils and 9.7 ?% - on the brown carbonate soils. About 2 % of vineyards are located on brown forest steppe and meadow-chestnut soils. There are given the acreages of the main types of the soils suitable for viticulture, the structure of the soil cover is determined. The total area of potentially suitable land in the lower piedmont zone up to the height of 600 m above the sea level is 438 thousand ha. The analysis of the land fund of the Piedmont province shows that for the foundation of new vineyards there can be used 71.9 thousand hectares. The most commonamong them are the contours of 201-500 hectares, covering 30 % of the total area, the share of the contours of 501-1000 hectaresis 38 %, andthe soil contours of 101-200 and 51-100 hectares occupy together 30 % of the area. Authors: Kaziev Magomed-Rasul Abdulsalamovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Docent; Alichaev Mamalav Mansurovich, Candidate of Agricultural Science, Senior Researcher Dagestan Scientific Research Institute of Agriculture Pr. Akushinskogo, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Malykh G.P., Magomadov A.S.Influence of Different Technologies for Growing Seedlings on Their Quality, Survival and Grape Harvest
| P. 41-43 | Keyword: young plants, the soil, the establishment, on plantations, a crop vinograda, economic effect Abstract: Due to the agroecological and climatic features of regions there was a need to study various production technologies of saplings. The research results obtained new information about the effects of different technologies of growing seedlings on their quality, establishment on plantations and productivity of plantations of vine on the sandy soils of the Chechen Republic. Researches and practice showed that cultivation the vegetiruyushchikh of the saplings which have been grown up in the greenhouse, is a highly effective method of production of a landing material and has a number of advantages in comparison with technology of cultivation of annual saplings in a shkolka of an open ground. Saplings grow up in 40-50 days in the greenhouse and, passing a grape shkolka, continue to develop on a plantation much better. This method allows to mechanize performance of the main labor-intensive processes easily. The main advantage is that a year vineyards and matochnik are created earlier. We consider that a combination of two progressive technologies: landing by the vegetiruyushchy saplings which have been grown up in the greenhouse, and landing by the annual saplings which have been grown up from truncated shanks with application as a mulch of the soil of a polyethylene film, has to find a worthy place in production of a landing material. In 2014, only in winery "Burunny" of the Shelkovsky area were planted 1 500 000 cuttings on the film along the new technology. Authors: Malykh Grigory Pavlovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Magomadov Andi Sultanovich, Candidate of Agricultural Science; All-Russian Research Scientific Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking named after Y.I. Potapenko 166, Balaklavsky Prospekt, Novocherkassk, 346421, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Panakhov T., Salimov V., Nadzhafov D.Ampelographic Features of Some Indigenous Grape Varieties of Azerbaijan
| P. 44-47 | Keyword: rare variety, indigenous varieties, table grapes, biomorphological and economic-technological description Abstract: By abundance of indigenous grape varieties Azerbaijan is one of the countries taking first place. On the latest data it is known that above 500 local grapevine varieties are cultivated in Azerbaijan at present. Of these only 200 are collected and included in the collection. Biomorphological and economic-technology characterictics of the local and introduced grape variety, Grown in collection, are regularly studied, their ampelographic descriptions made, determined perspective variety and forms are recommended for production, donor types chosen according the different signs are used as the starting material in selection works. This article is dedicated to biological, morphological, economically important and technological peculiarities of table grape varieties(Khanymy, Ikijinsly Ag shany, Khan uzum) which are product of the peoples selection. Yielding indicators of 3 local grape varieties from Azerbaijan (Khanymy, Ikijinsly Ag shany, Khan uzum) cultivated under conditions of the ampelographic collection, such as number of fertile shoots, number of bunches per one of vine, coefficient of fertility of one shoots, average weight of one bunch, yielding per one hectare etc., as well some chemical indicators (suger and content ) are given in the article. Authors: Panakhov Tariel Magommed Ogly, Candidate of Technical Science, Docent; Salimov Vagar Suleyman Ogly, Candidate of Agricultural Science, Docent Azerbaijan Scientific-Research Institute of Viticulture and Winemaking Mekhtiabad, Apsheronsky District, Baku, AZ 0118, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Nadzhafov Dzhabbar Sardar Ogly, Candidate of Agricultural Science Institute of Bioresources of Nakhchivan branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Kuliev V.M.Ampelo-Descriptor Autotetraploid Characteristic Forms of Grapes
| P. 48-51 | Keyword: autopolyploidy, triploidy, chromosome, grapes, hybridization Abstract: Perennial vine ampelographic study showed that breeding problems arising at the diploid level, obviously, can be solved only in the transition to a new level of ploidy. Doubling the number of chromosomes in grapes is usually accompanied by various morphological changes, including an increase in the parameters of berries, grapes, leaf area, high sugar content in berries, earliness, etc. That is a very useful genetic trait. In this report we present the ampelographic and ampelo-descriptor characteristic forms of grapes. Genomic mutation is an important source of variability of the PE the natural process of evolution of the plant world. It causes a deep and comprehensive changes in morphology, physiology and biochemistry of the affected plants compared to their original diploid forms. Currently, there is extensive material spontaneously genomic mutations of fruit and berry cultures, enriching the gene pool of the species and varieties with different biological and agronomic traits. According to experimental data autopolyploidy the grapes can be formed mitotic (spontaneous, induced); meiotic (induced) and the merger of the cells (for genomic engineering). The paper presents the botanical and agrobiological characteristic forms autotetraploid H. 81-18 / 15 (2n = 75) and H. 95-10 / 12 (2n = 76). It should be noted that these forms of autotetraploid do not have economic value, but also suitable for use in fresh, promising for clonal selection. Their practical value lies in the fact that they can serve as initial forms in different genomic crosses. Authors: Kuliev Varis Mukhtar Ogly, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Docent Institute of Bioresources of Nakhchivan branch of Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences 10, Babeka St., Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan, AZ, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
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