Abstract
In this paper, we consider the possibility of obtaining pectin from waste products of fruit and berry and vegetable raw materials, which makes it possible to eliminate waste in the food industry, and secondly, on the basis of naturally renewable resources, to obtain the active substance pectin, so necessary due to its biologically active properties for health, the most important branches of the agroindustrial complex in conditions of environmentally harmful changes for humans and in nature. Ways of enzymatic hydrolysis from wastes of plant raw materials produced pectin - a polysaccharide of natural origin. The article presents a scheme for obtaining pectin. Pectins obtained from wastes of various plant raw materials were analyzed for physicochemical, organoleptic and biochemical parameters. The data of the analyzes are presented in Tables 1 and 2. It is shown that the best are citrus, apple and beetroot pectins, as well as pumpkin, carrot and banana. It is stated that the obtained pectins reduce the content of nitrates and nitrites, the content of beta-lactam antibiotics in organisms even when applying a pectin solution in an amount of 0.5%, the absence of toxic effect on human organs when using 0.5-1.0% of its solution. Thus, pectin is a unique biopolymer. Works on the study of its properties, its use in medicine and pharmaceuticals are continuing.

Abstract
A promising way to improve the efficiency of alcohol production and reduce waste generation by almost 2 times, is the preparation of a grain wort with a concentration of soluble solids over 25% and the selection of a comprehensive enzymatic system that catalyzes the deep hydrolysis of protein and polysaccharides of raw materials, with the production of high - quality grain wort, enriched with assimilated yeast mono - and di-saccharides and free amino acids. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of enzymes of different substrate specificity on the quality of concentrated grain wort prepared on the basis of wheat, maize and rye. The work was carried out in the All-Russian Research Institute of Food Biotechnology. It was found that the use of the concentrated grain wort in the preparation of a full complex of enzymes, including enzymes of carbohydrate and proteolytic action, provided an increase in the concentration of free amino acids assimilated by yeast in 2,8 - 3,3 times depending on the type of processed grain raw materials. At the same time, the concentration of fermented carbohydrates, including maltose and glucose, also increased. Shows the effect of hydrolases on the cationic and anionic composition of the grain wort made from grain crops, the most widely used in alcohol production. Proteolysis of proteins was accompanied by some reduction in the total concentration of anions. This particularly affected the content of oxalates, malates and acetates in the wort. The tendency of increase of the content in a wort processed by a full complex of enzymes, phosphates, ions of magnesium and potassium is established. The results of studies of the effect of enzymes with different substrate specificity on the degree of degradation of grain biopolymers confirm their essential role in the formation of the biochemical composition of concentrated grain wort, which will ensure its fermentation with high quality factors.

Abstract
The article presents materials of the development of innovative technology of plant-meat food composition containing high-grade protein of biological value. The results of researches on the deficiency of high-grade protein among the population of the Russian Federation are presented. Necessity of developing technology-based products protein-containing plant components, including chickpea - soy alternatives has been proven. The use of extrusion processing to improve the digestibility of protein-containing products of plant origin, including legumes, is reasoned. Performed amino acid analysis of proteins of chickpea following varieties: Krasnokutskaiy 123, krasnokutskiy 195, Volgograd 10, Krasnokutskiy 28, PRIVO 1, Sovhozniy, Yubileyniy, Donskoy and Volzhanin. There is no significant difference in the amino acid composition of the grains of the analyzed chickpea varieties. It was revealed that chickpea protein contains in excess of the following essential amino acids: phenylalanine, tryptophan and lysine. The limiting amino acid is tryptophan. Based on these data, the selection of components of the mixture for extrusion was made. The computer model characterizing amino acid composition was completed. The mixture formulation in order to obtain a high-grade protein of high biological value was optimized. Technology and developed prototypes of the new food composition was developed. The possibility of obtaining an extrudate when used as a raw material for extrusion of the developed mixture was established. Organoleptic evaluation of the obtained extrudate was carried out. The amino acid composition of the food composition was analyzed. The calculations of biological value of proteins: the coefficient of utility of protein, index of biological value, comparable measure of redundancy was presented. The obtained results testify to the full value and high biological value of proteins of vegetable-meat composition. The value of the index of comparable redundancy indicates the balance of the composition of essential amino acids. The ways of use of the developed innovative composition in the food industry are offered.

Abstract
Ensuring sustained economic growth for the long term and developing the necessary mechanisms to create a modern model of the agribusiness development is on the agenda of the work of the executive authorities, the scientific community and business representatives. The general picture of the development of many sectors of agro-industrial production, which has developed recently, shows a good pace of economic growth, which made it possible to strengthen Russia's food security. The development of innovative activities and the introduction of scientific and technological progress in industry is the most important element of economic growth, this is the main task of implementing state agrarian policy. Achieving high rates of economic growth in the foreseeable future is possible only if large-scale investments are attracted and channels for their financing are sought to expand the innovative activity of representatives of Russian agribusiness. The solution of the tasks of the upcoming period - the increase in the volume of agricultural production and the increase in the export of products is large and achievable, it will require consolidating the actions of the state, business and science in the priority areas of the development of the agroindustrial sector, and providing reasonable protectionism for national producers of agricultural and food products.

Abstract
It was a way out of food crisis that become one of the most important tasks for the government of the Bolsheviks, because the elimination of large landed estates and church land and the terms of the peace treaty with Germany led to the aggravation of the food problem. An attempt to organise direct trade food for manufactured goods was unsuccessful due to the lack of suitable industrial products and administrative machinery for the implementation of barter, and also due to the fact that the distribution of industrial goods among the peasants was carried out on the basis of egalitarian principle. In 1918 the Central Executive Committee decree entered "food dictatorship" which, along with the decision of the question of food was intended to organize "labor" peasantry against the "kulaks" and use the contradictions between the poor and rich farmers to gain new power. Due to the unrest caused by the actions of the food squads, the Bolsheviks were forced to replace the requisition of "surplus" for the food allocation which, however, did not take into account the real possibilities of peasant households and caused them substantial damage. Due to the fact that the food crisis became chronic, not only supply of food products was regulated, but their consumption was rationing as well, involving very poor nutritional standards. In such conditions the outbreak of the drought in the Povoljie region and some provinces of central Russia led to a famine in 1921 - 1922, against which the Bolsheviks were forced to take such extraordinary measures as an appeal to the international community and requisitioning of church values for the benefit of the starving people. As the work of the food squads and the committees of the poor, the confiscation of church values were political in nature and was aimed not only at eliminating hunger, but to fight the church too.

Abstract
The processing of potatoes in dry products (flakes) allows to reduce the costs of the long-term storage and loss of nutrient materials significantly. Dry potato products are close to high-quality wheat flour, if we take into consideration the content of protein and digestible carbohydrates. And if we take into account the content of dietary fiber, potassium (13351 mg / 100 g) and magnesium (1227 mg / 100 g) in dry potato products, we shall see that it is much higher than in flour. The flakes also contain ascorbic acid and maximum 0.5% of lipids. Lipid fraction of potato flakes contains essential omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids (0.5 and 6.1% of the total fatty acid content). The group composition of lipids of dry potato products is determined. As a result of the research, it was discovered that dry potato flakes are rather effective ingredients that contribute to the increase of the nutritional value of products with micronutrient elements and, for some measure, to the decrease of the food energy value. Dry potato products can be supplied to retail and can be used in the nutrition of organized groups, groups (school meals, hospital meals, military food, etc.). The use of potato flakes in an amount of up to 10% in dough composition contributes to the increase of quality and nutritional value of bakery products. The studies have shown that additions of dry potato products to flour increase the baking absorption from 48% to 54%, and also enable to produce products of sufficient volume and with high crumb grain. The carried out experiments in the possibility of dry potato flakes use as fillings for national culinary products have shown that the inclusion of dry potato flakes in fillings enables to increase the quality and also to expand the product range. Chuvash national holiday dish huplu was chosen as the object of research. The research indicated organoleptic characteristics of domestic dry potato products used as fillings are equal to foreign ones. Potato flakes may be used to produce culinary products (cutlets fritters, rissoles, zrazes etc.).

Abstract
Centrifugation of massecuite isdesigned to separate the crystals of glucose from intercrystal solution. Crystallization of anhydrous glucose is carried out at a high temperature (55…75 °C), which creates certain difficulties in centrifugation. According to the calculation, the amount of intercrystal solution to be removed from the surface of crystals by washing with water during centrifugation is about 4%, twice less than hydrate glucose. This is due to the volume form, high mechanical strength and uniformity of crystals and is an advantage of anhydrous glucose. Consequently, the successful separation and washing of crystals from the intercrystal solution depends on the rational implementation of the crystallization process, which begins with the stage of embryo formation. Consequently, the successful separation and washing of crystals from the intercrystal solution depends on the rational implementation of the crystallization process, which begins with the stage of nucleation. This article discusses proven methods for "starting" and strengthening of crystals, allowing you to massecuite with large uniform crystals. During the crystallization of glucose in isothermal conditions "starting" crystals occurs rapidly within 5 min, so that the finished massecuite have homogeneous crystals. During the crystallization of glucose in polythermal conditions of nucleation may be delayed until 4 h, which are formed are heterogeneous in size crystals, and centrifugation conditions worsen. Centrifugation of massecuite anhydrous glucose is easily and quickly while maintaining the desired temperature (55…60 °C) at this stage: the massecuite in the centrifuge and fillmass distributor. For this fillmass distributor provide a heat exchange surface in the form of double walls, the interwall space which circulates hot water with temperature (60…65 °С). Centrifuges before loading the massecuite should be heated by steam, and flushing crystals should be carried out with hot water at a temperature of 55…60 °C. The centrifugation process continues for 4-5 minutes. The Raw crystals must have a moisture content of not more than 3%.

Abstract
The article gives literature data on the composition of phenolic compounds of grape wines and their role in oxidation-reduction processes occurring during the formation and maturation of wine. It is noted that the most important property of phenolic substances lies in their ability to enzymatic oxidation under the influence of various oxidases or under aerobic conditions - under the influence of sunlight, which leads to a ripening of the wine. Polyphenols are actively involved in the oxidation-reduction processes, interact with proteins, metals, phosphates, forming hardly soluble products that cause turbidity. Polyphenolic opacities - a kind of colloidal opacities of wines formed with the participation of phenolic compounds. Data on modern physical, chemical and biochemical methods for preventing excessive oxidation of wines are given, in particular about preparations for preventing the appearance of opacities or for controlling them. At present, high-molecular compounds based on N-vinylpyrrolidone are widely used among the preparations used for the stabilization of wines. It is established, that the use of PVPP improves the organoleptic properties of processed wine materials: freshness and purity appear in the aroma and taste. Conducted in the All-Russian Research Institute of the Brewing, Nonalcoholic and Wine Industry, studies have shown the effectiveness of preventive processing of grape wort with new generation preparations based on PVPP to prevent the oxidation of phenolic compounds of wines. Such processing helps to reduce the content of condensed forms of phenolic substances and allows obtaining wine materials resistant to polyphenolic opacities. The search for modern means and the development of new methods and technological regimes for processing wines in order to ensure stability to polyphenolic opacities - the current trend of researches.

Abstract
The development of the modern theory of nutrition opens up promising opportunities in the development of new recipes and technologies for various types of bakery products (in particular, for patients with diabetes mellitus) by adding additives such as Jerusalem artichoke products that have a significant effect on the glycemic index of the finished product. The article presents the results of research on the effect of various varieties of wheat flour, various types of additives, as well as the method of dough preparation for the process of digestibility of carbohydrates of wheat bread under the action of digestive enzymes of the human body. When studying the effect of Jerusalem artichoke products on the digestibility of carbohydrate crumbs by enzymes of the gastrointestinal tract of the human body, inulin (In), condensed extract from Jerusalem artichoke (CEJ) and concentrate of Jerusalem artichoke (CJ) were used as additives, which were added to the dough in amounts of 1.5; 2.0 and 2.5% by weight of flour, respectively. As a result of the conducted studies it was shown that the formula and technology of bread preparation are the primary factors determining the glycemic index of the finished product. The obtained results of the research allowed the authors to recommend using a safe method of dough preparation, and as the main raw material to use wheat flour of the first grade with the addition of 2% of the extract of the thickened Jerusalem artichoke or 2% of the Jerusalem artichoke concentrate to the flour mass. This will allow to develop the bread technology for diabetics and expand the assortment of bakery products for dietary purposes.

Abstract
Fruits and vegetables, as well as products of their processing are of great importance in human nutrition. They are rich in vitamins and biologically active substances. At the same time, they also have dietary properties in the treatment of various diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, heart, beriberi, atherosclerosis, decreased immunity, and other metabolic disorders. Of all the variety of agricultural raw materials, more than 500 have dietary and medicinal properties. Therefore, they are used for various diseases and metabolic disorders of the human body. The aim of the work is to obtain blended juice from carrots, beets, nettles and barberry ordinary. The technological scheme includes the preparation of raw materials (inspection, washing, cleaning, grinding, crushing, pressing, blending), sterilization of juice in the flow at a temperature of 105 degrees, cooling, packaging and storage. As a result of the experiments, a technology was developed for the production of blended juice from carrots, beets, nettles and barberry at the optimum ratio (3: 3: 2: 2). The yield of juices and the content of solids in them and the finished product are given. The use of electroplasmolysis increases the yield of carrots, beets, nettles and barberry from 8 to 10%, which explains the increase in the permeability of protoplasm cells of raw materials. The obtained dietary juice from carrots, beets, nettle and barberry is recommended for non-drug treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidneys, atherosclerosis, neuroses, insomnia, decreased immunity and other metabolic disorders by 0.5 cup 3 times a day for 20 minutes before meals for 4-8 weeks.

Abstract
In the technology of new enriched yoghurts, the fruits of the Rosa davurica and the Rosa rugosa were used. The fruits were harvested in the Primorye Territory of the Russian Far East. In the article results of researches of fruits of various dogroses, their physical and chemical structure, technical and technological characteristics, the maintenance of vitamins and mineral substances are resulted. As a result of studies of vitamins and minerals, it was shown that, on average, the fruits of the Rosa davurica contained more vitamin C than the fruits of the other dogrose. In this case, the fruit of Rosa rugosa contained more routine and copper. Taking into account the fact that the Rosa rugosa are much larger than the Rosa davurica, it was easier to collect, the flesh in it was much larger, the work was continued with a Rosa rugosa. When examining the flesh of fruit and seeds, it is established that most of the biologically active substances are contained in the wrinkled hips of the Rosa rugosa. The fruits of the mature hips are difficult to directly wring out, therefore, water extracts were prepared from them at a 1: 1 hydrotreating unit, insisted at 30 °C for two hours, ground to a particle diameter of 8 - 10 mm, and then the pulp was separated from the liquid phase by direct pressing. The yield of the extract from the hips was 80%. Then on the extract of dogrose prepared syrup. The technology and commodity evaluation of enriched yoghurts with the introduction of syrups from Far Eastern dogrose are presented. The use of biologically valuable hips in the production of new yoghurts can expand the range of useful fortified products.

Abstract
At present, providing the population with environmentally friendly and high-quality food is an urgent problem. With prolonged use of environmentally unclean and genetically modified products, the risk the undesirable diseases increases. Therefore, the human diet should consist of environmentally friendly products. The main goal of our research work is the production of high-quality juice made from environmentally friendly products of plant origin, based on new technologies. For the preparation of these juices, were used pumpkin, dog rose and persimmon fruits. It is known that the pumpkin is rich in beta-carotene, which is a substitute for vitamin A, but vitamin C, organic acids and even monosaccharides (glucose, fructose) are contained in small amounts. Rosehip is mainly rich in vitamin C and organic acids, persimmon fruits are rich in monosaccharides, phenolic compounds and iodine, and also have antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Therefore, we set ourselves the goal of producing juice from pumpkin, rose hips and persimmon fruit by blending. Blended juice is more rich in glucose, fructose, phenolic compounds and other substances in comparison with pumpkin juice. It is important to note that, the biological functions of phenolic compounds in juices are very diverse. Some of them act as regulators of metabolism, while others have antigenic, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Prepared juices have the sufficient amount of minerals. In juices from pumpkin and dogrose there is no iodine abrasand in juice, prepared from persimmons, there is a sufficient amount of iodine. Therefore, in blended juice, along with minerals, iodine is also present in sufficient quantities. Blended juice has a light straw color, pleasant aroma, harmonious taste (9.6 points). Juices, Pumpkin cooking varieties- Perekhvatka-69 and Palov-Code-268, have the same color, but have a low-harmonic taste. Thus, summarizing the results of studies, we can conclude that blended juice made from pumpkin, dogrose and persimmon is more rich in extractive, aromatic and other nutrients.

Abstract
The analysis of normative documents and original articles dedicated to problems of quality control and safety of rectified ethanol and alcoholic beverages based on it was carried out. Features, possibilities and limitations of the application of various methods of analysis were discussed. Main directions of complex analytical control of ethanol and ethanol-containing compounds: determination of the chemical composition of products, estimation of its correspondence to values represented in industry standards, and identification of falsified, counterfeit and defective products were emphasized. It was shown that in order to establish the chemical composition of ethanol and alcoholic products, the most effective method is gas chromatography with flame ionization and mass-spectrum detection, allowing to establish the presence and content of a wide range of organic impurities (esters, aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, unsaturated compounds, nitrogenous and sulfur-containing substances). The advisability of using capillary electrophoresis for the study of various classes of organic and inorganic compounds was noted. The possibility of determining the genesis of ethanol and ethanol-containing products by chromatographic methods were discussed, the identification criteria are given. High efficiency in the identification of alcohol of various origins by the method of spectral luminescence analysis, the advisability of using ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy as additional methods of determining the authenticity was noted. Perspective of using multisensory systems consisting of several selective chemical sensors with cross sensitivity, for the recognition and classification of alcohol products was shown. Necessity of using organoleptic analysis to assess the quality of alcoholic beverages was emphasized.

Abstract
This article reviews classification of infant products according to the age recommendations. It considers the ground for strict requirements to the chemical formula of infant products and its safety data in light of immaturity of metabolic and physiologic processes and limitation of nutrition materials deposition organs in infants. It itemizes the requirements to ingredients composition, content of essential components and indexes of nutrition value of breast milk substitutes and specialized products for infants. It draws recommendations of international and European standards in the sphere of pediatric nutrition (Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO / WHO, commission ESPGHAN, recommendations EFSA and EC regulations). It declares the tendencies of harmonization of Russian baby foods hygienic requirements system with the requirements of international and European standards, in particular for breast milk substitutes. It also considers the aspects of adding of supplementary food into infant diet and presents the assortment per each baby food group. It indicates international and European standards, regulating hygienic requirements to baby food. It introduces up-dated legislative frameworks, adopted in Russian Federation in the field of quality and safety for baby food, food for children over 3 years old, food of nutritional therapy. It shows the difference between national legislation and regulatory system of Eurasian Economic Community customs union and legal system in safety of food for children over 3 year, which is valid in European countries. It represents the list of documents of legislation frameworks of Eurasian Economic Community customs controlling the quality and safety of baby food. This work was supported by the program of fundamental research of the Russian Academy of Sciences (№ 529 2018 011).

Abstract
The fight against excessive fat tissue at the present time in terms of its intensity and material costs can be compared only with the efforts of mankind in the exploration of outer space. The presence of excessive body fat in the body associated with a risk of a number of serious diseases such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, arterial hypertension, and others, which can pose a real threat to his life. As a result, a campaign was launched, which became especially popular among people who are advocates of a healthy lifestyle, to combat excessive fat accumulation. Soon, however, it turned out that achieving progress in this direction is far from being easy, as we would like it to be. The leading role in reducing energy from food should be given to the proper diet, and in increasing its expenditure - to physical exercise. At the same time, using certain mechanisms of physiological influence on the human body, specialized food additives - "fat burners" - can facilitate the solution of the above task. The purpose of this work was to conduct a critical analysis of the properties of food ingredients, currently offered as functional components for weight loss, together with an objective assessment of the possible mechanisms of their action in the human body, based on the data of scientific research conducted. The biochemical foundations of the process of producing energy from fats in the human body and the classification of existing types of fat burners in accordance with the mechanism of their action are considered. It was conducted the analysis of the characteristics of caffeine and the extract of green tea when they are used as fat burners.

Abstract
To solve the problem of import substitution, the food industry should be provided with modern high-tech means of automation of domestic development. The used programmable logic controllers (PLCs) in most cases are built on the element base of foreign manufacturers. The use of such PLC implies knowledge of specific programming languages, such as LAD, ST, LD, FBD, SFC, ST, IL, SFC. At the level of enterprise management requires the use of integrated solutions covering all processes of the organization as the main areas of activity and provide. The authors of the article developed and implemented a universal hardware and software complex (HSC) of automation of technological and production processes, functioning in real time as part of an integrated information system of food industry enterprise management. In the developed HSC, the traditional PLC is replaced by a powerful universal microcomputer with an open architecture. Scientific and practical results of development HSC are given. An example of the solution operation as part of the access control system in a geographically distributed organization with the ability to continue working in case of failure of the Central server. The variant of HSC use as a part of the automated control system of the process of maturation and storage of hard cheese varieties is shown. In the HSC are used: climate control, electronic lock, sensors of humidity, temperature and carbon dioxide. The advantages of the developed HSC in comparison with similar solutions are shown - the openness of the solution, the possibility of integration with higher systems, the possibility of modernization and development, lower cost. The described solution is more flexible in configuration, in some cases it is more productive and reliable than foreign analogues.