Winemaking and Viticulture №4/2016
85 YEARS OF NORTH-CAUCAAN ZONAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF HORTICULTURE AND VITICULTURE
Egorov E.A. Federal State Scientific Institution «North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture» 85 years
Guguchkina T.I. Creating High-Quality Products of Grape Processing Through the Use of Varietal Selection North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture, Introduced Varieties and New Techniques in Winemaking
Petrov V.S. Scientific Support for Sustainable Development of the Industry in Terms of Viticulture Import
| P. 14-20 | Keyword: agricultural technology; biotechnology; grapes; import substitution; competitiveness; arrangement; system; assortment. Abstract: The cultivation of grapes in the harsh conditions of the south temperate continental climate of Russia is accompanied by the increasing complexity of agricultural technologies, increasing energy resource costs, reduced life of the plants, reducing the competitiveness of products. The task - to ensure the competitiveness of domestic viticulture on productivity criteria, product quality, economic indicators. The concept of competitive production of grapes is based on import substitution, the formation of stable self-regulating agrotcenozov based on national innovations. The assortment of grape must consist mainly of autochthonous and domestic breeding varieties. They have a genetically caused features high adaptability, quality and productivity at their place of origin, a high resistance to frost -22…-31 degrees Celsius, fungal diseases, tolerant to phylloxera. Place the varieties based on topography differences microclimate areas. Minimum temperature increases relative to the base of the southern slopes of 2, west 1, reduces to the eastern slopes of 1, north 2 degrees. At lower elevations and depressions it is reduced by 2 degrees relative to the upper areas of the slopes. Zonal and cultivar-oriented forming and keeping bushes for the individual areas: Black Sea, Central and South Piedmont areas with a wide variety of climatic, topographic and edaphic factors. Microbiological method for pest control in the vineyard reduces agrochemical pressure, provides environmental and food safety in modern conditions of anthropogenic intensification of production, chemical and man-made impacts on the agro-ecosystem. Agrobiotechnology processing and keeping the soil with green manure and effective microorganisms are recommended for general use, and ensure the production of clean sanitary and hygienic safety products that meet high nutritional, dietary, therapeutic, and prophylactic requirements. Systemic application of adapted, zonal and cultivar-oriented innovations in the harsh conditions of moderate continental climate of southern Russia provides sustainable competitive domestic production of grapes. Authors: Petrov Valerij Semenovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy, Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
WINEMAKING
Oseledtseva I.V.Development of Methodology and Improvement of Quality Control Procedures of Cognac Distillate and Cognacs
| P. 22-26 | Keyword: quality control; brandy; , brandy distillate; methodology; monitoring indicators. Abstract: The results of comprehensive research aimed at the development of the theory and practice of quality control brandy distillate and brandy, are presented. Focus on improving quality control of brandy, providing for the expansion of the list of specific identification criteria, implemented as aquality indicators, confirming the authenticity of the product and compliance with its special concept and mind justified. The main factors determining the typicality of brandy are raw materials, distillation and aging in contact with oak wood. Comprehensive analysis of the production of product samples, developed within different agro-ecological zones of the CIS and the EU from local raw materials, carried out. Depending on the overall composition of trace contaminants in high-quality brandy and brandy identified. According to the results of statistical processing of the preliminary list of installed components of the composition, which showed a correlation to the significant level with a variety of features that characterize the quality of the products. Based on the results of the analysis of complex research and summarized data, quality control indicators brandy distillate and brandy developed. The relationship between the established criteria of quality control and evaluate the elements, based on the analysis of which the decision on the level of estimated production quality shows. The results of the research developed a comprehensive methodology exploded study composition and signs of falsification brandy distillate and brandy. The technique includes a base on the composition of the product data, the complex quality control indicators, certified analytical methods for determining the components of the formulation and evaluation algorithm. Authors: Oseledceva Inna Vladimirovna, Candidate of Technical Science, Assistant Professor North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Dergunov A.V., Petrov V.S., Antonenko M.V.Effect of Different Grapes Planting Schemes Rhine Riesling on Productivity and the Quality of the Wine
| P. 27-32 | Keyword: aromatic compounds; grapes; wine quality; productivity of orchards; scheme of planting; phenolics. Abstract: The decisive technological factors most affecting the grape harvest and its quality, is the organization of spaces, including the scheme and the density of planting vines. The aim of this research was to study the effect of different grape planting schemes on yield and quality of grapes and wine. Research objects are: grapes, must and wine from the varieties Riesling, which was grown on plots with different densities and shrubs planting scheme (2.5x1, 2.5x1.5, 2.5x2, 3x1, 3x1.5, 3x2, 3.5x1, 3.5x1.5, 3.5x2) in 2014. The work in the Krasnodar region on the Anapa Experimental Station. The mass concentration of the main components of wine were determined according to the existing GOST and GOST R, as well as the techniques developed in the research center "Winery" SKZNIISiV. The organoleptic properties of the young wine taste panel evaluated Anapa ZOSViV. The studies revealed that in Anapa-Taman area of viticulture in 2014 the highest productivity of different varieties Riesling vineyards planted under the scheme 3.5h1 m. In this embodiment, at a density planting shrubs 2857 pcs./Ha, the yield of grapes was the highest - 131.4 c/ha. Maximum accumulation of sugars in the grapes observed in the variants with a width of 2.5 m aisle highest extract content from different wine stocks options with row spacing of 2.5 m where the amount of extractables amounted to 17.1-19.2 g/dm3. The increase in the total concentration of aromatic compounds of up to 540 mg/dm3 helps to improve the quality of white table wine, and further growth of aromatics to 1090 mg/dm3 - it reduces the organoleptic evaluation. The authors believe that given the cost of planting material, bookmarks, and the care for vineyards, is considered 3,5x1,5 meters planting scheme more appropriate for the production of high quality table wines in the Black Sea south of viticulture agroecological zone of Russia. Authors: Dergunov Aleksandr Vjacheslavovich, Candidate of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor Anapa Zonal Experimental Station of Viticulture and Winemaking of North Caucasian regional research Institute of horticulture and viticulture 36, Pionerskiy Prospekt, Anapa, Russia, 353456, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Petrov Valerij Semenovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor; Antonenko Mihail Viktorovich, Candidate of Technical Science North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Kulyov S.V., Vinogradov V.A., Khokhlov F.V., Skotnikov V.G. The New Pumping System for Wine Brand PNM-32/32
| P. 33-34 | Abstract: Described new installation for transportation of pulp, must and wine brands PNM-32 / 32 developed in Vniigim "Magarach" of RAS production has been established at the JSC "Nekrasov machine-building plant", OOO ITTs PISCHMASHSERVICE". The installation differs from the original actuator that provides "gentle" modes of transportation of product and a significant reduction in the overall dimensions and mass. Authors: Kuljov Sergej Vasilievich, Candidate of Technical Science; Vinogradov Vladimir Aleksandrovich, Doctor of Technical Science Russian national scientific research Institute of winemaking and viticulture "Magarach" RAS 31, Kirova Str., Yalta, Republic Of Crimea, Russia, 298600, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Hohlov Fjodor Vasilievich, Chief Designer OJS ITC "PISCHMASHSERVICE" 8-2, Sredniy Mezhdunarodnyj Per., Moscow,Russia, 109544, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Skotnikov Vladimir Grigorievich, Deputy Head of the technical Department JSC "Nekrasovsky machinery plant" Yaroslavl region, Nekrasovskoye, Russia,152260, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
VITICULTURE
Ilnitskaya E.T., Petrov V.S., Nudga T.A., Larkina M.D., Nikulushkina G.E.Improving the Assortment Grapes and Selection Methods for Unstable Climatic Conditions of Southern Russia
| P. 36-41 | Keyword: adaptive cultivars; grape; breeding of clones; assortment. Abstract: An actual problem of viticulture is the optimization the cultivars assortment - by regions, zones, farms. In Krasnodar region assortment in species composition V. vinifera Western European groups dominate - 64?% of plantations. Most of the cultivated cultivars in the region - introducers. A very small proportion of the local breeding cultivars - less than 1?%.The last 35 years in the Krasnodar region observed increase in the frequency of stressful situations during the grapes wintering. In addition, increase the frequency of summer stress is noted: the high temperature conditions during heavy rainfall shortfall. More often, there is a question about the cultivation of grape cultivars, differing in increased adaptability to stress factors and characterized by high-quality products. Traditionally, the basis of high-quality winemaking compose the so-called classic European cultivars, ideally - plantations of popular European cultivars should be presented by domestic clones of these cultivars adapted to areas of placement of Russian vineyards. Carried out long-term work on clonal selection has allowed breeders of the North Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture identify and transfer to the State variety testing genotypes with high adaptability to the conditions of the south of Russia: for the high quality red wines production - Cabernet Kuban, Cabernet Taman, Cabernet Chernomorets, Saperavi Chernomorets and SaperaviFanagoriyskiy; for high-quality white wines - Aliquot Fanagoriyskiy, Riesling Chernomorets, Chardonnay Millstream. In order to improve the assortment of southern Russia adaptive cultivars for quality winemaking are produced by scientists of the Institute and Anapa zonal station of viticulture and winemaking as a result of generative breeding Kurchansky, Dmitry, Vladimir, Krasnostop AZOS, Varvarovskiy, Saturn, and table grapes Taman, Nadezhda AZOS, Muscat Anapskiy. Currently, improving methods of selection provides a rational combination of various support methods and approaches that accelerate the achievement of the result and optimize the breeding process. Authors: Il'nickaja Elena Tarasovna, Candidate of Biological Science; Petrov Valerij Semenovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor; Nud'ga Tat'jana Aleksandrovna North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy, Krasnodar, Russia, 35090, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Lar'kina Marina Dmitrievna, Candidate of Agricultural Science; Nikulushkina Galina Evgen'evna Anapa's zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking of North Caucasian regional research Institute of horticulture and viticulture 36, Pionerskiy Prospekt, Anapa, Russia, 353456, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Nikulushkina G.E., Larkina M.D., Kovalenko A.G.Biological and Economic Features of the Early Table Grape Selection of Anapa Zone Experimental Station of Viticulture and Wine
| P. 42-45 | Keyword: grapes; quality; early ripening period; variety; harvest. Abstract: In the Southern regions of Russia, in the field of development of tourist business increases the demand for high quality grapes table direction of early term of ripening. Great work is being done on preservation, study and selection of table grape varieties very early and early ripening. Currently the market is largely occupied by grapes imported from countries near and far abroad, including grapes early ripening period. In this regard, the actual problem is the creation of a competitive local varieties developed by the AZOS extra-early and early maturing. This article presents the results of many years of work of breeders Anapa ZOSViVon the development and introduction into production early, perspective table varieties. Biological, phenological and economic indicators of the studied grape varieties: Brigantine, Negnost, Cardinal Anapa, Lotus, Lunnar, Nadegda AZOS, the Fantasy, was conducted by the method of M. A. Lazarev (1963). In this work summarizes the morphological characteristics of each studied class. The study was conducted in vaccinated, not covering culture, on the rootstock BerlandierixRipariaKober 5BB. Forming spiral cordon - 1 the AZOS. On economic and technological characteristics has distinguished the following varieties of grapes: Hope AZOS, the Brigantine and the Moon has a large mass of bunches and berries, as well as high tasting score in points. A characteristic feature of the studied varieties of early term of ripening is elegant appearance and technological characteristics of bunches and berries. Because of the shortage in the domestic market early varieties and as a consequence the increase in the sale of imported grapes, it is recommended to expand the area planted with promising early varieties for table purposes the AZOS. Which demonstrate high economic, technological and biological features, characterized by the stability of fruiting, excellent appearance, marketability and high taste qualities, as well as economic and technological indicators not conceding classic European varieties, thereby determining their place in the pipeline. Authors: Nikulushkina Galina Evgenievna; Lar'kina Marina Dmitrievna, Candidate of Agricultural Science; Kovalenko Aleksandr Grigorievich, Candidate of Agricultural Science Anapa's zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking of North Caucasian regional research Institute of horticulture and viticulture This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Nikolsky M.A., Pankin M.I., Sultanova Z.K., Kazybaeva S.Zh., Sycheva E.S.Improving the Quality Indicators of Grapes Seedlings Under the Influence of Growth Regulators
| P. 46-50 | Keyword: grapes, grafted or own-rooted seedlings; growth regulators; cuttings; nursery. Abstract: Production of healthy, well-developed seedlings of released varieties, free from quarantine objects and dangerous diseases that meet the quality standard - the main task of each kennel. One of the ways of intensification of production of planting material is induction growth correction effects with preparations bioefficacy - growth regulators. The grape nursery, the use of growth regulators is widespread as one of the most effective way to activate the regenerative activity of stalks grape planting material. Numerous studies have found a positive effect of growth substances on the regeneration processes in the grape cuttings. Studies on the efficacy of preparations held in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Russian Federation. In the Republic of Kazakhstan - on a grape nursery "Kazakh Research Institute of Fruit and Grape", which is located in zone nizhnegornoyTalgar district of Almaty region. The objects of research were cuttings of grapes: Muscat Vengerskiy, Saperavi, Rkatsiteli, Tayfirozoviy. In the Russian Federation, the experiment was conducted in nursery grape seedlings of AF "Ujnaiy" Temryuk District. In the experiment determined the efficacy of preparations for growing own-rooted seedlings, as well as the application of the test formulations as an additive in paraffin mixture at before stratification waxing. As a result of research obtained new information on the effect of growth regulators on rooting of cuttings of grapes. In Kazakhstan revealed the most effective growth regulators KH-2 (AH, CD), in the context of the greatest number of varieties of roots in nursery observed in grade Tayfirozoviy, followed by Rkatsiteli, Saperavi, Muscat Vengerskiy. In the context of the Russian Federation, the use of KH-2 preparations as shown to be highly effective both in growing own-rooted and grafted seedlings under cultivation by adding it to the mixture of paraffin for before stratification waxing. Authors: Nikol'skij Maksim Alekseevich, Candidate of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor; Pankin Mihail Ivanovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor Anapa's zonal experimental station of viticulture and winemaking of North Caucasian regional research Institute of horticulture and viticulture 36, Pionerskiy Prospekt, Anapa, Russia, 353456, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Sultanova Zinaida Klychbaevna, Doctor of Technical Science; Kazybaeva Saule Zhambulovna, Candidate of Agricultural Science Kazakh Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 238/5, Prospekt Gagarina, Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, 050060, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Sycheva Elena Sergeevna, Candidate of Chemical Science Institute of Chemical Sciences AB Bekturova 106, Ualihanova St., Almaty, Republic of Kazakhstan, 050010, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Nenko N.I., Ilyina I.A., Petrov V.S.Physiological and Biochemical Methods of Management Stability of Grape Plants to Abiotic and Biotic Stressors
| P. 51-55 | Keyword: abiotic and biotic stress; grapes; hydrothermal conditions; stability; the physiological -biochemical methods. Abstract: The implementation of genetic stability of grape varieties to stress factors of cultivation conditions essential role for the use of the gene pool, gained genkollektsiyah. Are important diagnostic tests associated with the identification of varieties with high ecological plasticity, as well as the establishment of biochemical mechanisms of stability of grape plants to a range of abiotic and biotic stresses.The purpose of this study was to identify grape varieties resistant to the complex abiotic (low moisture content, extremely high and low temperatures) and biotic (mildew) stressors using physiological and biochemical parameters of grape plants, both in vivo and in model experiments on the example grade Crystal (Euro-Amur-American origin) and varieties Decent and Krasnostop EPA (Euro-American).Using modern biochemical methods (capillary electrophoresis device 105 M) defined carbohydrate, abscisic, indole, phenol carbonic acids, amino acids, cations, Ca2+, malondialdehyde, protein (spectral method for SF UNICO), and a water mode (gravimetric method).It was found that the stability of the species Vitis Vinifera plants to extreme hydrothermal conditions, mildewy, determined by the internal aqueous medium stability cytosol, stability of cell membranes to oxidative stress, speed to achieve a balance between the intensity of physiological and biochemical processes and the sensitivity of the organism to the aberrant conditions, as a result of which appears a plant resistance to damaging factors.It is proved that the increase in the stability of grape plants to stressors achieved strengthening the cell walls due to the increased content of proline (osmoprotectant) and glycine comprising the membrane and PRP- GRP-proteins, as well as chlorogenic, ascorbic acid, protecting membrane lipids from oxidation, and is an intermediate metabolite in the synthesis of lignin, strengthens cell walls, making it difficult to plant infection by the harmful (mildew). The quantitative and qualitative composition of biochemical substances, actively involved in the exchange and redox processes with impact on grape plants high and low temperatures, low moisture and mildew. It is suggested that the presence in the studied grape varieties as a specific gene (variety Crystal) and nonspecific (grades worthy and Krasnostop EPA) resistance to low moisture, extreme temperatures in winter and summer, as well as the defeat of mildew due to their ecological and interspecies geographical origin. It is recommended to use the grapes for selection as the media economically valuable traits. Authors: Nenko Natalija Ivanovna, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Ilina Irina Anatolievna, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor; Petrov Valerij Semenovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Assistant Professor North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Yurchenko E.G. Domestic Biologics in Modern Adaptive Control Techniques of Pests on Grapes
| P. 56-62 | Keyword: adaptive integrated protection; ampelocenosis; anthropogenic and climatic influence; biotechnologies; harmful organisms; the concept; microbiological preparation; parameters of biologised protection; principles; biosystem. Abstract: In the face of increasing climatic and anthropogenic influence on the ampelocenosis biosystems the following changes have been noted: the harmful arthropods species variety and fungal infections expansions; the strengthening of aggressiveness typical for pathogenic dominants; an increase of parasitic activity in some micopathogene species, namely, facultative parasites; the economic losses caused by ecologically plastic species of pests; and biological progress of some species, primarily among sucting fauna. The chemical and microbiological methods integration is pointed out as a more efficient one. The observed transformations are environmental prerequisites for the grape protection adaptive integrated systems development and deployment against different pests and diseases in Western Fore-Caucasus. The existing Russian and world trends in microbiota useful types production and application against harmful organisms as a biological control on long-term cultures are shown, the short comparative analysis of present Russian biotechnological production is carried out. The recently developed grape bioprotection research made by FSBSI NCRRIH&V is described. Biologised phytosanitary grape agrocenosis management in the modern environmental cultivating is outlined as the main concept. It requires grape protection system adaptation against harmful organisms on the basis of ecologically grounded integral implementation. The integrated method involves chemical and biological fungicides and immuneinductors active against pathogenes under any conditions, chemical and biological insecticides and entomophages against phytophages fully comprising their biological efficiency. The effective principle of biologised long-term cultures protection against diseases is revealed. Grape control technologies developed on the basis of Russian biofungicides Bactofit™; Geostim™ active against prevailing plant diseases are given. The effective bio-insecticiding techniques against sucking pests (grape budworm and cotton bollworm) as well as fungal and bacterial insecticides technological application are presented. Biologised pest-control ecological advantages and benefits are assessed. Authors: Yurchenko Eugeniya Georgievna, Candidate of Agricultural Science North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy, Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
INFORMATION
Diplomatic Tasting in Sochi «On The Sidelines» at III Black Sea Winemaking Forum