Winemaking and Viticulture №3/2015
Roundtable Russian Ministry of Agriculture: Viticulture and Wine Production will Grow Crimea and Good Staff
INDUSTRY PROBLEMS
Chemisova L.E., Guguchkina T.I., Popova O.F.An Excursion into Ecological Grape and Wine Production
| P. 4-8 | Keyword: organic farming; grape; wine; environmental standards; ecological products Abstract: Made a review of the literature on the development of organic agriculture and ecological production of its raw materials. The experience of the work of producers of organic agriculture, including viticulture, the legal framework on this issue in the world and in Russian Federation. Given characteristic of organic, biological, organic-biological, biodynamic and other alternative farming systems. In the organic system is allowed to use microorganisms and microbial preparations submissions substances of vegetable, animal and mineral origin. To protect against pests using feverfew, garlic and nicotine. In the biological system is allowed to use organic fertilizers (composts) as a specific source of plant nutrition. Use basaltic dust, ground seaweed (preparation kalmagol H). The organic-biological system is allowed to use organic fertilizer (manure, green manure) and some slow-acting fertilizer (tomasshlak, Potassium-magnesium, basalt dust). Control measures are similar to those, wich are used in a biological system. In the biodynamic system are prohibited from using chemical fertilizers, genetically modified organisms. Two positions of the system: the reunification of farming with a holistic rhythm of the Earth (the first) and the use of special drugs (the second). Other systems (environmental, system-Howard Bulfura - rigid restrictions on the use of pesticides, genetically modified organisms and flexible attitude to the issue of fertilizer. Set the location dissemination alternative farming systems. The data on horseback certified agricultural land and the number of organic producers in Russia. We describe a number of special materials and methods used in the biodynamic vineyard. Authors: Chemisova Larisa Eduardovna, Candidate of Technical Science, Senior Researcher; Guguchkina Tatyana Ivanovna, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Popova Oksana Alexeevna, Junior Researcher North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy, Krasnodar, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Afinogenova V.A.What Should be the Sacramental Wine
| P. 9-10 | Keyword: sacramental wine, Cahor, the stereotype of sacramental wine, features of its technology Abstract: The author talks about the problems of the production of quality wine in Russia, about a certain stereotype of church wine, which was formed from the producers and consumers in Russia in a relatively short period of time compared to the time of Christianity, quotes from the Bible on this subject. In his view, the church wine must be natural, grape, red, sweet, too strong, undiluted, untainted, that is the best. These samples have been received in the laboratory of the department of viticulture and winemaking RSAU-MAA named after K.A. Timiryazev. Subsequent articles will be considered one of the technologies for the production of such wines. Authors: Afinogenova Viktoriya Alexandrovna, Candidate of Agricultural Science, Docent Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev New building, 17, Pryanishnikova St., Moscow, Russia |
Guguchkina T.I., Markovsky M.G. Search of Markers for Russian Wines of the Highest Quality
| P. 11-18 | Keyword: grape wine, quality, safety, markers, farming techniques, wine technology Abstract: The problem of the quality and safety of wine production, as well as its origin, is important and relevant. The role of quality control is increasing due to the adoption of amendments to the Federal Law 171 "On State Regulation of Production and Turnover of Ethyl Alcohol and Alcohol Products, and Limit Consumption (drinking) Alcohol Products" in the form of Law 490 of 31.12.2014, according to which is permitted to 01.06.2015, the produce and sell wine produced from their own grape crop farmers, winemakers and farmers backgammon with the largest specialized enterprises. The analysis of modern research methods, looking for high definition component composition of wine products. Among these substances are overriding metal cations such as lithium, magnesium. Sodium, barium, calcium, potassium, manganese, iron, lead, and others. It has been shown that selenium, rubidium and strontium - reliable markers for detection of finished wines of geographical origin. A search for markers that distinguish quality wines (ZSU and ZNMP) of table wines. Authors: Guguchkina Tatyana Ivanovna, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Markovsky Michail Grigorievich, Candidate of Technical Science This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture. Research Center "Winemaking" 39, 40 Let Pobedy, Krasnodar, Russia, 350901 |
WINEMAKING
Tolmachev O.V., Biryukov A.P., Mishin M.V., Katryukhin B.A.Champagne Quality Objective Assessment of Sparkling Wines
| P. 19-21 | Keyword: wines, supersaturated with carbon dioxide, foaming capacity, sparkling properties Identification Abstract: In the Kuban State University of Technology developed methods and equipment design, allowing to determine automatically the foaming capacity, measuring the level of overpressure of carbon dioxide without any breach of the equilibrium state of the gas in the liquid and sparkling wines properties, supersaturated with carbon dioxide. In order to objectively assess the quality sparkling wines held operational tool control samples of sparkling wines, selected from the market of Krasnodar and submitted to the testing laboratory of the University in encrypted form. Research carried out by the scheme to the identification of the requirements of GOST for the relevant type of product and the definition of the indicator properties of sparkling and foaming capacity de champagne wine. According to the study, all samples meet the requirements of ND on the appropriate product type. Comparative analysis of the properties of sparkling revealed a significant difference in the evaluation of sparkling wines as the test, are in the same price segment. Thus, the rate of sparkling properties of the samples 17 and 32 did not correspond to the level of the Russian Federation, which can serve as an indirect indication of enrichment wines, surfactants. The findings suggest that the level of pressure in the champagne bottle can not fully serve as an indicator of the quality of wine and GOST product should not be administered component, which provides identification of the authenticity of sparkling wines. Authors: Tolmachev Oleg Vladimirovich, Candidate of Technical Science, Head of Viticulture, Winemaking and Alcohol Industry of Krasnodar Krai This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 36, Rashpilevskaya St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350000 Biryukov Alexandr Petrovich, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor; Mishin Mikhail Vasilyevich, Candidate of Technical Science, Senior Researcher, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; Talanyan Olga Rafaelevna, Senior Researcher Kuban State Technological University 2, Moskovskaya St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350072 Katryukhin Boris Alexandrovich, General Director, "Wine Union" 25, Mira St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350000 |
Ermolin D.V., Zadorozhnaya D.S.Biologically Active Substance of Red Wine Grape Varieties of Western Ecological and Geographical Group
| P. 22-24 | Keyword: Western European ecological and geographic group; phenolics; anthocyanins; biologically active substances Abstract: The purpose of this work - to study the composition of biologically active substances from wine materials from grapes of Western ecological and geographical group. In the experiment studied the wine stocks in 2010-2012 of harvest of Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Karminer, Syrah, Merlot, Munestan, Puke, Malbec, Kalitor, Shalian dromsky, Fogeltrauben, Sauvignon red by conventional and modified methods. As a result of studies found that the biologically active substances in the wine materials from red grapes of Western ecological and geographical group are in high enough concentrations. It was found that wine materials from the grapes with colored juice anthocyanin composition is different from wine materials grape juice with unpainted. The highest content of trans-resveratrol in the wine materials defined Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Kalitor. Authors: Ermolin Dmitry Vladimirovich, Candidate of Technical Science, Docent; Zadorozhnaya Darya Sergeevna, Graduate Student Academy of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences ФГАОУВО "Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky" Vuzgorodok "Agrarnoye", Simferopol, Republic of Crimea, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Sheludko O.N., Guguchkina T.I., Strizhev N.K.Technological Methods and Features of Production of High-Quality Table Dry Red Wines from New Grape Varieties
| P. 25-28 | Keyword: new red grape variety selection SKZNIISiV; technological methods Abstract: The numerical composition of organic acids and ammonium cations, alkali, alkaline earth wort, young wine and table wines made from new red grape varieties Merlot and with carrying out malolactic fermentation and without. The dependence of changes in the composition of organic acids and cations of the samples of grapes and used technological methods. Authors: Sheludko Olga Nikolaevna, Candidate of Chemical Science; Guguchkina Tatyana Ivanovna, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar-29, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Strizhov Nikolay Konstantinovich, Doctor of Chemical Science, Professor Kuban State Technological University 135, Krasnaya St., Krasnodar, Russia, 350049, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Dubinina E.V., Alieva G.F.Correlation Study Between Organoleptic Evaluation and the Content of Volatile Components of Fruit Vodkas
| P. 29-34 | Keyword: fruit vodkas; tasting score; the composition of volatile components; correlation analysis Abstract: Fruit vodka on the Russian market are the elite alcoholic beverages and popular. Fruit vodkas, as well as other alcoholic beverages based on distillates contain various groups of volatile compounds, determining their organoleptic characteristics. The composition of the volatile aroma-forming compounds depends on the type of raw materials and technology features. As a consequence, it is significantly different for different manufacturers of fruit vodkas produced even one type of raw material. All this creates difficulties in identifying and determining the authenticity of fruit vodkas. The article presents the results of research aimed at the development of objective criteria for assessing the quality of fruit vodka. The research is based on sensory analysis, which serves as an essential tool in determining the quality and authenticity of the wine production. They were developed some sensory descriptors and built flavor profiles for fruit vodkas from different raw materials. As a result of a combination of gas chromatography, sensory analysis and statistical techniques some linkages established between the composition of volatile components of the most popular brands of fruit vodkas and their sensory characteristics. Established individual correlation coefficients between certain shades in flavor and content of certain volatile components. Were developed some sensory descriptors and built flavor profiles for fruit vodkas from different raw materials. As a result of a combination of gas chromatography, sensory analysis and statistical techniques some linkages established between the composition of volatile components of the most popular brands of fruit vodkas and their sensory characteristics. Established individual correlation coefficients between certain shades in flavor and content of certain volatile components. Authors: Dubinina Elena Vasilyevna, Candidate of Technical Science; Alieva Gelana Allilovna All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Brewing, Nonalcoholic and Wine Industry 7, Rossolimo St., Moscow, Russia, 119021, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Alieva G.S. Kyzy, Fataliev K.K. ogly.Factors that Ensure Bio-Wine Production
| P. 35-37 | Keyword: bio-wine; wine material; installation; wine processing with ultraviolet rays Abstract: Currently, worldwide production of environmentally friendly products is a priority. In recent years, sales of organic wines has increased by about 30%. In Azerbaijan, biodynamic wine production is not, and for this reason the organic products are imported from France and Germany. Recently, however, this area in the country are paying more attention. It was developed an installation, excluding chemical treatment of wines and wine products and providing treatment with ultraviolet rays. Installation for the production of bio-wine consists of a closed housing within which are mounted cassette radiation sources, which are located between flat quartz reactors, as well as connections for supplying and discharging the fluid. Installation characterized in that the reactors connected in parallel, input and output units are equipped with the cylindrical additional emitters. In addition the amount of cross-sectional area of flat quartz reactor is transverse cylindrical additional working area of the radiator. The proposed setup allows an industrial production line to increase processing performance, wine material or wine by an environmentally friendly manner and without prejudice to the exercise of its organoleptic quality sterilization. It is possible to significantly reduce the labor and energy costs. Authors: Alieva Gulshen Sabir Kyzy, Doctoral; Fataliev Khasil Kamalletdin Ogly, Doctor of Technical Science, Professor Azerbaijan State Agricultural Academy 262, Atatyurka Prospekt, Ganja, Azerbaijan, AZ 2000, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
VITICULTURE
Adzhiev A.M., Zarmaev A.A., Adzhieva N.A.The Origin of the Cultivated Varieties of Grapes. Historical Data and Scientific Forecasts
| P. 38-41 | Keyword: Global centers of dissemination of cultural plants; grapes; wine; plants systematics Abstract: The study areas shaping and implementation of grapes in culture showed almost total agreement with some of the primary centers of origin of cultivated plants, established by N.I. Vavilov. On the basis of its own research and data in the literature attempt to identify historical landmarks of origin of cultivated varieties of grapes and the development of viticulture in the countries of the world. Considered different assumptions scientists studying this subject: ancient writers, Charles Darwin (1851), A. de Kondol (1885), N.I. Vavilov (1926), S.I. Korzhinskii (1904), M.G. Popov (1935), V.L. Komarov (1938), A.M. Negrul (1946) as well as historical, archaeological, geographical, botanical, paleontological and linguistic sources, cuneiform texts. However, there is still no consensus on the question of origin of cultivated grapes. Obviously the whole culture of grape originated and evolved independently in three different geographical areas: the Caucasus and Asia Minor, Central Asia and Iran, in the Mediterranean countries. Of great interest are historical materials for the development of viticulture in the North Caucasus, particularly in Dagestan, which will be summarized in the next article. Authors: Adzhiev Alibek Mutsalkhanovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Zarmaev Ali Alkhazurovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Adzhieva Naida Alibekovna, Candidate of Agricultural Science Research Design and Technological Institute of Viticulture, Horticulture and Melioration "Agroekoproekt" Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia, 367000, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Petrov V.S., Krasilnokov A.A., Russo D.E.Agroecological and Productional Resistance Ampelo-Cenoses in Abnormal Weather Conditions Using Fertilizers
| P. 42-44 | Keyword: grapes; habitat; abiotic stresses; fertilizer; increasing resistance to stress Abstract: Found an increase of adaptability, growth and production processes Riesling variety grapes in unstable weather conditions of the south of Russia with use of either microfertilizer "POLYMIX-Agro". The studies were performed in a stationary field experiment in a temperate continental climate of the Black Sea agro-ecological zone of viticulture in the area of Anapa, Krasnodar Krai. Under conditions of high insolation with a substantial excess of the maximum temperature among non-long-term rules and acute shortage of rainfall in the most crucial period of the growing season of grapes 3-fold application of fertilizers in the dose of 2:1:2 l / ha provides active growth and yield formation processes, increasing fruit-bearing shoots of growth and fruitfulness embryonic kidney wintering buds. In the treated bush leaves have intense green color of healthy, with no signs of deficiency of nutrients. Authors: Petrov Valeriy Semyonovich, Doctor of Agricultural Science; Krasilnikov Alexandr Andreevich, Candidate of agricultural Science; Russo Dmitriy Eduardovich, Candidate of agricultural Science North-Caucasian Zonal Research Institute of Horticulture and Viticulture 39, 40 Let Pobedy St., Krasnodar-29, Russia, 350901, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Fisun M.N., Kardov R.M. Kishev T.Y., Sarbashev A.S.Proto-Clones Variety Kristall for Non-Coverlet Culture on Alluvial-Meadow Soils
| P. 45-47 | Keyword: grapes; proto-clones and their wintering; harvest and sugar Abstract: Restoring viticulture industry in the Central Pre-Caucasus pass on new agro-biological and technological concept. Basis agro approach - testing and implementation varieties and clones, characterized by an increased frost resistance, high productivity and quality of crops suitable for their conduct without shelter. Expansion of assortment of grapes due to the introduction in the production of complex hybrids contributes to maintaining viticulture based neukryvnoy culture. Available in plantations concern "ZET-Alco" varieties Crystal Gift Magaracha, Danko, Platovsky et al., Can withstand temperatures in the range -25…-26 ° C without shelter of bushes for the winter. The study of form diversity of grape varieties of early universal crystals grown on the alluvial-meadow soils of the plains of the foothills of Kabardino-Balkaria, the proto-clones identified with the preservation of kidneys after the winter of 2011/12, with the minimum air temperature -27.5 ° C at 25-30 % and yield to 2.6-3.1 times higher than the typical bushes. Dedicated proto-clones have a high (more than 4-5 kg/hive, or 9-11 t/ha) and stable over the years, with an average yield of 3, the rate of sugar content of grape juice 17.2-18.0 g/сm3. Highest productivity and quality of the harvest bushes stood clone 22/16, surpassing typical bushes in all respects, including the uniformity of the average weight of the bunch during all the years of observation. All selected proto-clones are promising for their conduct in the non-covering of a covering on alluvial-meadow soils. Authors: Fisun Mikhail Nikolaevich, Doctor of Agricultural Science, Professor; Kardov Rizuan Mukhamedovich, Graduate Student; Kishev Timur Yuryevich, Master; Sarbashev Alim Sufiyanovich, Candidate of Agricultural Science Kabardino-Balkarian State Agricultural University named after V.M. Kokov 18, Lenina St., Nalchik, Kabardino-Balkaria, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. |
Rasulov A.T. ogly. Growing High-Quality Table Grapes for Storage
| P. 48-49 | Keyword: Growing High-Quality Table Grapes for Storage Abstract: Table grapes in different dietary and medicinal properties. Its clusters and berries must be large enough to have a presentation and well kept. Soil and climatic conditions are favorable for growing Azeri-quality table grapes and storage. The cultivation of table grapes is directly related to the use of specific agro-techniques and taking into account factors of the natural environment. So the grapes harvested on the southern slopes, it is better illuminated sunlight and provide better and easier. If there is in the soil of the southern slopes of potassium carbonate, it is stored better. Equally important for the storage quality of table grapes form the load and the length of trimming bushes. The authors studied the behavior of table varieties of bushes Tayfi pink and black Kishmish the farm "Haji Ltd. Aladdin" with regard to the above factors and give recommendations for their cultivation: in a low-lying area of Azerbaijan to obtain quality table grapes for storing optimum load grades Tayfi pink and black Kishmish is respectively 40 and 35 green shoots/pruning bush at 12-15 and 10-12 buds. Authors: Rasulov Alizaman Talyb Ogly, Candidate of Agricultural Science Institute of Improvement and Professional Development of Azerbaijan. Baku, Azerbaijan |
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